By: Nishita Kulkarni
Photo by Alexander Grey from Unsplash
I. Introduction
Eczema is a medical condition where areas of the skin become rough and inflamed, leading to excessive itching and sometimes even bleeding due to the irritated skin.
Understanding eczema, a common chronic issue affecting about 31 million Americans, could be beneficial. Knowing more about the condition can help many understand the symptoms and triggers, which could improve one's well-being.
II. Underlying Factors
Genetic predisposition refers to the likelihood of conceiving Eczema caused by inherited genetic factors. If exposed to similar irritants, individuals with a family history of Eczema are likely to develop Eczema.
Triggers of Eczema are irritants like...
Soaps (usually ones that contain propylene glycol, salicylic acid, and formaldehyde)
Detergents (usually fragranced)
Types of Jewelry (usually ones that contain nickel)
Changes in temperature (hot temperatures can cause sweat-irritation of the skin, and colder temperatures can cause drier skin)
Changes in humidity (higher levels increase the amount of allergens, worsening eczema symptoms)
Allergies and the immune system response to Eczema play a crucial role. Since Eczema is triggered by allergens (environmental and sensitivities), if one's immune system overreacts to these allergens, the skin becomes irritated and inflamed, leading to rough and bleeding skin.
III. Different Types of the Condition
A. Atopic dermatitis—This type of Eczema occurs in people with a family history of allergies (E.g., asthma). Certain irritants and stress usually activate it.
B. Contact dermatitis—This type of Eczema is caused when the skin directly contacts an allergen, leading to red, itchy, and blistered skin. There are two types of contact dermatitis: irritant contact dermatitis, which occurs after exposure to an allergen that impairs the outer layer of the skin, and allergic contact dermatitis, which occurs when the immune system reacts to an allergen affecting the skin.
C. Dyshidrotic Eczema—This type of Eczema affects the hands and feet and is characterized by blisters on the two areas. The cause isn't known, but scientists believe it's related to allergies, stress, and even exposure to metals like nickel.
D. Nummular Eczema—This type of Eczema is characterized by circular spots of irritated skin, which are usually scaly and irritated. The cause is believed to be related to environmental factors and genetics.
IV. Symptoms and diagnosis
Common symptoms of Eczema include dry/cracked skin, itchiness, rashes, small bumps (raised), crusting, and bleeding. One undergoes a physical examination and review of the patient's medical history to diagnose Eczema. There are no specific tests to diagnose the condition, but the doctor can conduct an allergy test to see if any allergens are causing the symptoms shown by the patient.
V. Treatment options
Medications for the condition include topical corticosteroids, an anti-inflammatory medicine that relieves inflammation, and oral antihistamines, which help with itching and discomfort. Usually, in severe cases of the condition, one would rely on immunosuppressants, which reduce the risk of skin infections and allow the skin to heal.
One should adopt lifestyle modifications if they develop Eczema, such as keeping the skin moisturized; using moisturizers can help reduce dryness and flare-ups. Avoiding soaps that can trigger your skin and opting for more skin-sensitive soaps can help manage the condition. Practicing stress-reducing techniques also prevents flare-ups, as stress can aid in developing inflammation.
VI. Conclusion
Eczema is a common chronic condition usually portrayed by rough, inflamed skin leading to itching and sometimes bleeding, affecting many worldwide. Exposure to irritants, allergies, family history, and immune system responses causes Eczema to vary in individuals. There are four main types of the condition: Atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, dyshidrotic Eczema, and nummular Eczema, each with unique characteristics and causes. Common symptoms include dry/cracked skin, itchiness, rashes, bumps, crushing, and bleeding. Diagnosis of the condition is made from a physical examination and review of one's medical history. Medications such as topical corticosteroids and oral antihistamines are used to treat the condition; lifestyle modifications like moisturizing your skin, using sensitive soaps, and practicing stress-relieving exercises are advisable to manage Eczema.
MCR committee: Health
Citations
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